A Novel ISAC Waveform Based on Orthogonal Delay-Doppler Division Multiplexing With FMCW

In this work, we propose the orthogonal delay-Doppler (DD) division multiplexing (ODDM) modulation with frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) (ODDM-FMCW) waveform to enable integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) with a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). We first propose a square-root-Nyquist-filtered FMCW (SRN-FMCW) waveform to address limitations of conventional linear FMCW waveforms in ISAC systems. To better integrate with ODDM, we generate SRN-FMCW by embedding symbols in the DD domain, referred to as a DD-SRN-FMCW frame. A DD chirp compression receiver is designed to obtain the channel response efficiently. Next, we construct the proposed ODDM-FMCW waveform for ISAC by superimposing a DD-SRN-FMCW frame onto an ODDM data frame. A comprehensive performance analysis of the ODDM-FMCW waveform is presented, covering peak-to-average power ratio, spectrum, ambiguity function, and Cramér-Rao bound for delay and Doppler estimation. Numerical results show that the proposed ODDM-FMCW waveform delivers excellent ISAC performance in terms of root mean square error for sensing and bit error rate for communications.