SAGSIN: Modeling and Analysis of Maritime Terminals Under Diverse QoS Requirements

Maritime communication demands have surged due to diverse applications such as transoceanic shipping, offshore resource exploration, and emergency rescue. However, current communication systems are unable to meet the diverse data rate demands of maritime applications. In this paper, we propose a space-air-ground-sea integrated network (SAGSIN) that combines onshore base stations, uncrewed aerial vehicles, high-altitude platform stations, and low Earth orbit satellites to provide seamless and reliable communication across vast oceanic regions. Based on stochastic geometry, we model the spatial distribution of network devices on spherical surfaces. The Matérn hard-core point process (MHCPP) is used to model the deployment of both ground and aerial devices, considering the minimum spacing to avoid overdense and collisions. Aerial relays are used to extend the coverage of coastal base stations, with relay selection aimed at maximizing the end-to-end channel capacity. Analytical expressions for the uplink coverage probability are derived by considering the receiver’s decoding threshold. Furthermore, the analysis is extended to the communication probability by incorporating quality of service (QoS) with data rate as the metric. Numerical results validate the accuracy of the proposed model and demonstrate that SAGSIN can effectively extend reliable communication from coastal regions to the deep ocean. Furthermore, dynamic QoS scheduling across heterogeneous links, each with different transmission capabilities, can enhance overall system efficiency to meet diverse QoS demands.