Taxonomic and functional diversity of noctuoid moths in a Mediterranean coastal area: implications for dune conservation in a long‐term ecological research eLTER site

Coastal dunes are highly vulnerable ecosystems that require adequate bioindicators for effective biodiversity monitoring. Although moths are recognized as good bioindicators in many contexts, their diversity patterns in these habitats remain understudied. This research examines the taxonomic and functional diversity of noctuoid moths in a well-preserved, protected dune system in Central Italy (Adriatic coast). Specifically, the study aimed at investigating how vegetation composition, and hence dune zonation, influences noctuoid diversity and traits. Moth sampling was carried out on an annual basis using UV LED traps in both shifting and fixed dune zones. Vegetation surveys were conducted in spring using 4 m × 4 m plots. We compared noctuoid species richness, species abundance distribution patterns, and trait attributes between the two dune zones in relation to vegetation characteristics. We also evaluated the congruence in species composition and abundance between dune zones for both moths and plants. Sampled noctuoids included 98 species (78 Noctuidae, 18 Erebidae, 1 Nolidae, and 1 Notodontidae). The presence of habitat-exclusive species underscores the influence of both abiotic and biotic filtering processes in shaping noctuoid assemblages across the seashore-inland zonation. Trait-based analyses and diversity patterns showed clear ecological links between noctuoid assemblages and dune zones. This congruence supports the use of noctuoid moths as effective bioindicators and stresses the need to conserve the entire dune system as an integrated ecological unit.