Protective Role of Early Childhood Education Programmes on Outcomes of Children in the Child Welfare System: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT Early Childhood Education (ECE) programmes are recognised as effective interventions that help mitigate the adverse effects of cumulative risk factors experienced by children with a history of maltreatment. This systematic review examines the protective role of ECE programmes in promoting positive developmental outcomes for children involved in the child welfare system. A comprehensive search across multiple academic databases—including APA PsycInfo, CINAHL Complete, ERIC, MEDLINE Complete, Social Work Abstracts and SocINDEX—identified 12 studies that met the eligibility criteria. Findings indicate that ECE participation is associated with improvements in cognitive abilities and social–emotional development among children in child welfare services. Specifically, children enrolled in ECE programmes show gains in language, math and school readiness skills, as well as enhanced social competence and self‐regulation. Additionally, while evidence remains limited, some studies suggest that ECE participation may reduce the likelihood of foster care placement and mitigate the risk of recurring maltreatment. The review also identifies gaps in the current research on ECE's role for maltreated children and discusses implications for practice, policy and future research.