Biodiversity‐driven spatial conservation planning to delineate temporally stable regions

The accelerating loss of biodiversity underscores the critical need for effective conservation strategies, particularly in the face of climate change and anthropogenic pressures. We devised a conservation planning framework that adopts a temporal stacking approach to species distribution models and landscape connectivity analyses. These models and analyses were derived from an integrated modeling and post-modeling GIS workflow and used to identify and propose conservation priority areas, also quantifying the proportion of these areas covered by existing protected areas (PAs). We applied the approach, as an example, to the genus Salamandrina, the oldest Salamandridae clade, because of its conservation and biogeographic importance. Our approach can be applied to any taxon. Specifically, we introduced and identified the steady core regions (i.e., areas predicted to remain ecologically suitable for the next 50 years) for Salamandrina. The geographic configuration of these areas, including their clustering and fragmentation degree, differed between distance-informed and distance-uninformed approaches along the Apennine chain. Those occurred in nationally designated PAs (few, large patches) and Natura 2000 sites (many and small patches), but steadiness values were generally low (often