The Past, Present, and Future of Virtual Influencer Marketing

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Authors: N. K. SHARMA, Abhay Kumar
Cited by: 5
References: 160

Abstract

ABSTRACT Virtual influencer (VI) has become a prominent and significant topic in the marketing literature. A thorough understanding of its influence on consumer behavior is still lacking, despite years of discussion in academic research and managerial practice. In order to address the inconsistency of findings in the literature, we thoroughly reviewed 117 papers from 31 different journals. We combine two approaches in this study, including a systematic review and similarity analysis using IRaMuTeQ software. This study undertakes a systematic literature review, employing the SPAR‐4‐SLR protocol as its guiding framework. Using the antecedents–decisions–outcomes (ADO) framework, this study delineates the established knowledge base on virtual influencer research. The theories, contexts, and methods (TCM) framework reveals how we know about virtual influencer literature. Moreover, this study seeks to identify pivotal research gaps in the current virtual influencer literature and recommend specific future research avenues. We used the integrated ADO‐TCM framework to synthesize the virtual influencer literature and provide a conceptual framework. The findings advance influencer marketing literature and provide underpinning future research directions capable of guiding forthcoming research and nurturing field maturation and help the field continue to evolve.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Digital Marketing and Social Media Gender Feminism and Media Technology Adoption and User Behaviour

Publication details

Journal / source
International Journal of Consumer Studies
Publisher
Wiley
Volume
50
Issue
2
Publication date
19 February 2026
Language
EN