Prevalence and Factors Associated With Nocturia (≥ 2 Night‐Time Urinary Episodes) in Japan: Analysis of the 2023 Japan Community Health Survey ( JaCS 2023)

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with nocturia, defined as ≥ 2 times/night, among participants from the 2023 Japan Community Health Survey (JaCS 2023). METHODS: Using data from JaCS 2023, a nationwide online survey comprising 48 questionnaire items on lower urinary tract symptoms and daily life, 6210 participants aged 20-99 years were evaluated. Based on the definition of nocturia, participants were divided into Nocturia and Non-nocturia groups. The prevalence of nocturia was examined, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to explore factors associated with nocturia by sex. In addition, subgroup analyses were performed for participants aged < 60 and ≥ 60 years. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of nocturia was 27.1% in men (aged ≥ 40 years: 31.4%, aged ≥ 60 years: 39.8%, aged ≥ 80 years: 58.1%) and 17.8% in women (aged ≥ 40 years: 19.9%, aged ≥ 60 years: 24.7%, aged ≥ 80 years: 38.2%) and increased with age (p for trend < 0.0001). Age, performance status (PS) ≥ 1, hypertension, depression/anxiety, insomnia, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), fecal incontinence, alcohol intake more than once a week, and erectile dysfunction (ED) in men, and age, PS ≥ 1, decreased walking speed, hypertension, and insomnia in women were independently associated with nocturia. Subgroup analysis showed that ED in all male groups and PS ≥ 1 in all female groups were significant factors. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of nocturia increases with age. Age, PS ≥ 1, insomnia, and hypertension were significantly associated with nocturia in both men and women.