Recent Advancements in Glass Matrix Composites: A Comprehensive Review of Fabrication, Properties, and Applications

ABSTRACT Glass matrix composites (GMCs) are distinctive materials that combine aesthetic appearance with mechanical strength, thermal stability, corrosion resistance, and electrical insulation. Their historical development from munitions use to high‐performance structural applications is described in this review. Different reinforcement techniques have been developed to improve the mechanical behavior of glass composites. In this review, general manufacturing processes are covered, including pultrusion, hot pressing, resin transfer molding, and slurry infiltration. For a variety of industrial sectors, these procedures allow for exact control over composite qualities. The importance of different reinforcements such as fibers, particles, whiskers, and laminates in customizing mechanical, thermal, optical, and bioactive properties is emphasized. In order to improve thermal shock performance, wear resistance, and fracture toughness, some advanced processing techniques with surface or bulk modification procedures are meticulously examined. The study also highlights key usages in biomedical, electronics, aerospace, energy, architecture, and cookware while demonstrating the impact of phase separation mechanisms and tailored microstructures on performance. Future directions are addressed, including recent developments in additive manufacturing, sustainable composites, and the integration of multifunctional properties. There is also discussion of issues including high fabrication costs, complicated interface designs, and scale‐up constraints.