Efficacy of probiotics ( Bifidobacterium bifidum G9 ‐1) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease complicated by constipation: An exploratory, multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm study ( BIRDIE study)

Journal of Diabetes Investigation 2026 Open access

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Authors: Fuki Ikeda, Junko Sato, Hidenori YOSHII, Masahiro Sugawara, Hiroaki Sato, Yukiko Sugawara, Hirotsugu Uzawa, Daisuke Sugimoto, Reina Muto, Yuya Nishida, Hirotaka Watada
DOI: 10.1111/jdi.70236
Cited by: 3
References: 19

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Although constipation is a major complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, evidence for its treatment in these patients remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Bifidobacterium bifidum for constipation in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this multicenter, open-label, single-arm trial, 30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease complicated by constipation were administered Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with normal stool form (Bristol Scale score ≥3.5 to

Fields of Study & Subjects

Gastrointestinal motility and disorders Gut microbiota and health Probiotics and Fermented Foods

Publication details

Journal / source
Journal of Diabetes Investigation
Publisher
Wiley
Volume
17
Issue
3
Pages
470–482
Publication date
8 January 2026
Language
EN