Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Basic Knowledge, Applications, Ethics and Perspectives

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming medicine through advanced diagnostic, prognostic, and decision-support systems. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the fundamental concepts, clinical applications, ethical issues, and future perspectives of AI in healthcare. METHODS: A narrative review of current evidence on machine learning, deep learning, neural networks, and AI applications across major medical specialties was conducted. RESULTS: AI demonstrated high performance in diagnostic support, prognostic prediction, medical imaging, and personalized medicine. However, limitations related to data quality, generalizability, transparency, and ethical concerns remain significant challenges. CONCLUSIONS: AI has strong potential to improve healthcare delivery and precision medicine, although robust validation, ethical oversight, and appropriate regulation are essential for safe clinical implementation.