The Golgi as a Microtubule Organiser in Neurons

Microtubules are fundamental to neuronal architecture, providing the structural framework and transport tracks essential for polarisation, compartmentalisation and growth. While the centrosome is the canonical microtubule-organising centre (MTOC), neurons also rely on non-centrosomal MTOCs (ncMTOCs) as they mature. This review explores the emerging role of the Golgi apparatus as a key ncMTOC in both vertebrate and invertebrate neurons. We examine evidence that microtubule nucleation from the somatic Golgi supports initial polarisation and axon growth and regulates microtubule polarity. We also address the ongoing debate regarding Golgi outposts and their potential role in organising the dendritic microtubule network. By synthesising the available literature, we reconcile conflicting findings and identify gaps in our current understanding of Golgi-mediated nucleation and its role in organising the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton.