The Use of Extended Reality Distraction Methods During Needle‐Related Procedures in Pediatric Hospital Care—Children's Experiences

PURPOSE: To describe children's experiences of using extended reality (XR) distraction, namely virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), during needle-related procedures. DESIGN AND METHODS: An exploratory, prospective convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed. Self-reported measures and structured observations conducted in accordance with a predefined protocol were combined with semi-structured interviews. Data were presented using descriptive statistics and synthesized through thematic analysis. RESULTS: Observations were conducted during 29 venipunctures in children using XR distraction. A majority of the children (90%) reported positive experiences with the use of XR distraction. Numerical Rating Scale pain scores (0-10) were low in both groups, with a mean of 1.26 (SD 1.16) for VR and 1.77 (SD 1.79) for AR. Most procedures (62%) were carried out as planned. No child declined the use of the device. Physical restraint was not observed; however, supportive holding was used in 10% of procedures. Four themes were identified through the interviews: Emotional support and comfort, The artificial world becomes reality, A diversified experience, and Usability aspects influencing user experience. CONCLUSION: When appropriately implemented, XR distraction may reduce pain and anxiety among children during needle-related procedures. However, it is not universally effective, underscoring the importance of a child-centered approach that allows children to select their preferred distraction method. Further research is required to determine optimal implementation strategies, assess cost-effectiveness, and clarify the role of XR distraction in delivering high-quality pediatric care during needle-related procedures. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The demonstrated benefits of XR distraction during needle-related procedures may encourage healthcare professionals to incorporate such tools into clinical practice. Nevertheless, the findings also emphasize the importance of adopting a child-centered approach, recognizing that XR distraction is not suitable for all children.