Accountability, Civil Society, and Economic Growth: Exploring the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative's Adoption in Central Asia and Beyond

ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), particularly its multi‐stakeholder group (MSG) mechanism, on economic growth in 62 resource‐rich developing countries over 30 years, with a special focus on Central Asia. Employing a mixed‐methods approach, the research explores two complementary pathways through which EITI may influence economic outcomes: the institutional pathway, emphasizing accountability and governance, and the signaling pathway, highlighting compliance effects. The findings indicate that while EITI membership, particularly the presence of MSGs, is positively associated with GDP per capita, this growth is not solely driven by enhanced accountability. Qualitative evidence reveals that civil society within MSGs often shifts from enforcing accountability toward facilitating compliance, legitimizing government actions, and providing economic expertise. These dynamics underscore the cooperative role of civil society in the context of developing countries, positioning MSGs as pivotal mechanisms for economic welfare. Related Articles Howie, P. 2018. “Policy Transfer and Diversification in Resource‐Dependent Economies: Lessons for Kazakhstan from Alberta.” Politics & Policy 46, no. 1: 110–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12239 . Pelizzo, R., and A. Kinyondo. 2014. “Public Accounts Committees in Eastern and Southern Africa: A Comparative Analysis.” Politics & Policy 42, no. 1: 77–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12062 . Khodr, H., and I. Ruble. 2013. “Energy Policies and Domestic Politics in the MENA Region in the Aftermath of the Arab Upheavals: The Cases of Lebanon, Libya, and KSA.” Politics & Policy 41, no. 5: 656–689. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12033 .