CyberGeoAI For Intelligent Spatial Decision Support

ABSTRACT The evolution of spatial decision support systems (SDSS) is being rapidly shaped by the integration of Cyberinfrastructure (CI) and Geospatial Artificial Intelligence (GeoAI), collectively referred to as CyberGeoAI. The rise of big data, complex decision environments, and computing power gives opportunities for advanced tool development to account for ambiguity in the context and process of spatial decision making. This paper analyzes the synergy between CI and GeoAI, identifying challenges specific to GeoAI as well as CI‐related challenges in supporting GeoAI for decision‐making. At the same time, the paper critically examines the ongoing need for human expertise in interpreting GeoAI outputs to ensure ethical use and maintain transparency and accountability. The paper also highlights key challenges in developing CyberGeoAI for decision support, including issues such as the digital divide, geo‐hallucination and associated risks, energy demand and sustainability, and the integration of human dynamics within CyberGeoAI systems. In conclusion, the paper proposes a holistic human‐centered design integrating scalable CI and GeoAI that enables users to effectively tackle the full spectrum of spatial decision challenges, from clearly defined problems to those of high complexity and ambiguity.