Addressing racial disparities in representation across blood, stem cell and organ and tissue donor pools

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adequate representation of donors from diverse ancestral populations in blood, stem cell and organ transplantation is critical to ensuring equitable access to these lifesaving therapies. Because of population-level differences in genetic markers, patients from racialized groups may have unique transfusion and transplantation needs. However, racialized populations remain underrepresented as donors, exacerbating existing health inequities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This narrative review synthesizes the factors contributing to disparities in donor representation across donation products, identifying common barriers and proposing potential solutions. RESULTS: Racialized populations are significantly underrepresented in donor pools across all donation types, limiting access to optimal donation products and increasing the risk of adverse outcomes. Common barriers to donation for racialized peoples include healthcare mistrust, lack of knowledge and sociocultural factors such as religious beliefs and language barriers. Facilitators include culturally tailored education, community engagement and policy-driven initiatives. CONCLUSION: Addressing disparities in donor representation requires a multifaceted approach integrating education, community trust-building and systemic policy changes. Cross-disciplinary efforts are essential to diversify donor bases and reduce inequities in access to optimal donation products.