Enhanced Performance of Two- and Three-Terminal Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Panels Through Optimized Orientation and Tracking

Abstract The worldwide requirement for the most efficient and sustainable solar energy solutions has driven the development of bifacial and tandem photovoltaic (PV) technologies. The adoption of bifacial perovskite–silicon (PVK–Si) tandem solar cells has provided a new way to improve solar energy conversion efficiency. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of the energy yield potential of east–west (E/W) and north–south (N/S) oriented bifacial perovskite–silicon tandem solar panels in both single-axis tracking and fixed-tilt configurations. We focus on heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT), two-terminal tandem (2TT), and three-terminal tandem (3TT) configurations to evaluate their performance under varying ground albedo conditions. A simulation model based on matlab computes the annual and seasonal energy yields for these configurations. The results show that tracking panels consistently outperform their fixed-tilt counterparts. Seasonal analysis also demonstrates that E/W-oriented tracking panels perform exceptionally well in summer, whereas N/S-oriented tracking panels maintain a relatively stable output in both summer and fall. The optimized panel orientation significantly mitigates the skewed power output peaks observed in conventional configurations by strategically adjusting subcell exposure to incident sunlight. This approach results in a more balanced energy distribution throughout the day. These findings highlight the advantages of tracking bifacial tandem photovoltaic systems over conventional fixed-tilt installations, particularly for sites that require consistent power output and higher energy yields.