Deformation monitoring and multidimensional analysis of Dawanqi Oilfield based on small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar

The Dawanqi Oilfield in the Tarim Basin faces challenges such as declining pressure and surface deformation due to long-term extraction. Therefore, the recent long-term deformation characteristics of Dawanqi Oilfield and the driving factor quantification still need to be studied. Using Sentinel-1A Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data (2021–2024) and Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) technology, combined with multisource data and statistical analysis methods, we analyze deformation characteristics and driving factors in the Dawanqi Oilfield. Results show line of sight (LOS) deformation rates of −21 to 24 mm/year, with the oilfield reaching 24 mm/year, significantly higher than in other areas. Seasonal deformation peaks at 17.37 mm, with the oilfield and farmland being highly sensitive. The Mann-Kendall test reveals 48.42% significant subsidence and 28.95% uplift. Hurst exponent analysis indicates 99% of the areas show an antipersistent trend, but the oilfield’s persistent deformation (Hurst >0.5) will likely continue. Principal component analysis confirms oil extraction as the main driver (PC1 variance: 90.47%), whereas natural factors such as rainfall and groundwater have minimal impact (|r|