Generation of high-quality perfect vector vortex beams with arbitrary distributions on the hybrid-order Poincaré sphere via cascaded spatial light modulator and q-plate

Perfect vector vortex beam (PVVB) is a specific type of vector vortex beam. Its transverse beam size remains constant regardless of changes in polarization order and topological charge. This unique feature holds significant potential for applications in particle manipulation, optical communication, and laser processing. We propose a innovative method to generate PVVBs with arbitrary distributions on the hybrid-order Poincaré sphere (HyPS). The method employs a cascaded system consisting of a spatial light modulator and a q-plate. We constructed a theoretical model of the system using Jones matrices. Based on this model, we derived the analytical relationship between the system parameters (fast axis angles of wave plates and q-plate order) and the coordinates (longitude and latitude) on the HyPS. The effectiveness of the proposed method was successfully verified through experiments. Furthermore, we utilized the cascaded system to generate double-ring PVVBs. Our research confirms that their overall radial dimensions are also independent of the polarization order and topological charge. This method provides a flexible and efficient scheme for PVVB generation and offers important potential value for related fields.