Optimized framework for dual mode single-pixel microscopy using digital micromirror devices

Single-pixel microscopy (SPM) replaces traditional array detectors with a bucket detector and a spatial light modulator, such as a digital micromirror device (DMD), enabling versatile imaging across broad spectral ranges with modulation rates up to 32 kHz. However, integrating DMDs introduces alignment challenges and system aberrations that can compromise image fidelity. Here, we present an optimized, open-source framework for dual-mode SPM that systematically addresses design, assembly, and alignment challenges. Our modular architecture facilitates the incorporation of multiple illumination sources and detectors, supporting simultaneous brightfield transmission and reflection imaging. We employ binary Hadamard bases for efficient sampling and introduce optimized binning strategies to balance field-of-view and spatial resolution. Adaptive optical elements correct residual aberrations, while a high-resolution sensor monitors pattern quality in real time. Detailed protocols for DMD-microscope coupling, tilt-angle calibration, and stage alignment ensure accurate projection of micro-structured light patterns onto the sample. All mechanical designs, optical layouts, control software, and assembly instructions are provided under an open-source license. By democratizing access to high-performance SPM, our framework fosters reproducibility and accelerates innovation in photonics and DMD-supported optical microscopy.