Compact holographic near-eye display

Computer-generated holography (CGH) has emerged as a transformative technology for immersive virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) displays, enabling precise wavefront control and providing inherent depth cues without the need for bulky optical components. However, practical implementations of holographic near-eye displays (NEDs) still face significant challenges, primarily due to the limitations imposed by finite and dynamically varying pupil apertures, which degrade image quality and compromise user experience. In this work, we propose a compact, eyepiece-free, pupil-optimized holographic NED. Our method leverages a customized spherical phase modulation technique to generate multiple viewpoints within the pupil, eliminating the reliance on conventional optical eyepieces. By jointly optimizing the amplitude and phase distributions across these viewpoints, we significantly mitigate the image degradation resulting from finite pupil sampling and resolve inapparent depth cues induced by the spherical phase. The proposed approach represents a significant advancement towards compact, lightweight, and flexible holographic NED systems, offering a promising solution for next-generation VR/AR display technologies.