Modeling and interpretation challenges in nanolaser emission: recent progress and perspectives

The extreme miniaturization of nanolasers has introduced new challenges in modeling and interpreting their emission. This talk discusses three key developments: (1) the role of mode mismatch in modifying emission line shapes and how Smooth Principal Modes offer a physically consistent framework for resolving this; (2) quantum models revealing subcritical bifurcations and photon number squeezing in systems with few emitters and modes; and (3) a recurrence-based stochastic modeling approach that bridges quantum and classical regimes more efficiently than Master Equations or Langevin theory. Together, these advances provide new insight into the dynamics of nanolasers and support more accurate interpretation of experimental results at the nanoscale.