Effect of flat-top laser spot size on impulse coupling with space debris

Laser ablation propulsion technology holds considerable promise for space debris removal applications. However, parameters such as the incident laser spot size and optical field distribution are closely linked to the magnitude of the impulse generated during the laser propulsion process. In this study, a vacuum laser propulsion experimental system was developed to simulate space-based laser debris removal. By adjusting the position of the focusing lens and utilizing a torsion pendulum system, we examined the impulse coupling characteristics of planar space debris irradiated by flat-top laser beams with varying spot sizes. The results show that within the spot diameter range of 0.8mm to 1.5mm, the impulse coupling characteristics remain essentially unchanged. It was concluded that energy density, rather than spot size, is the dominant factor influencing the resulting impulse.