Design and optimization of pressure sensors based on long-period gratings

LPG-based sensor was developed utilizing transmission characteristics for high-precision soil pressure sensing. To investigate the impact of fiber cladding thickness and sensor head structure parameters on sensor sensitivity, numerical simulations and multi-factor analysis were carried out. The results indicate that both increasing fiber cladding thickness and adjusting structure parameters can significantly improve sensitivity, yet the thickness of sensor head structure is the most influential factor. The optimal dimensions were found to be R=22mm and h=3mm, achieving sensor sensitivity of 75.12 pm/kPa. This study provides important insights and guidelines for the design of high-sensitivity LPG-based pressure sensors, demonstrating potential application for structural health monitoring and soil mechanics.