Research and application of low-carbon green remediation technology for petroleum hydrocarbon contamination of groundwater

Throughout petroleum exploration, extraction, transportation, refining, storage, and utilization processes, substantial amounts of hydrocarbons are inevitably released into the environment. As critical production materials, these hydrocarbons enter surrounding ecosystems through various pathways, posing significant threats to soil, groundwater, and human health. This study examines the mechanisms and development trends of single remediation approaches(physical, chemical, biological) for groundwater contamination caused by hydrocarbons, particularly focusing on integrated remediation strategies. The paper analyzes their operational principles, advantages, and applicability, provides comparative evaluation and selection criteria for remediation technologies, and explores carbon emission accounting and mitigation measures for groundwater restoration. Through engineering case studies, it details remediation workflows, design methodologies, implementation protocols, and post-treatment monitoring systems, offering substantial practical guidance. The paper also outlines future research directions.