Review on large-scale electrochemical energy storage and industrial and commercial outdoor cabinet-type energy storage applications and key technologies

Electrochemical energy storage technology has become a key means to support new power systems and commercial and industrial energy transitions due to its flexibility, scalability and fast response capability. This paper compares and analyses the differences between large-scale electrochemical energy storage plants and commercial and industrial outdoor cabinet energy storage in terms of key technologies, application scenarios and economics, and discusses core issues such as thermal management, system integration and safety protection. The study shows that large-scale energy storage plants are more suitable for grid-level peak and frequency regulation, while outdoor cabinet energy storage is more economical in distributed energy consumption and industrial and commercial peak and valley arbitrage. In the future, it is necessary to promote the synergistic development of the two forms of energy storage through technological innovation and policy guidance.