Zeeman effect of highly excited states in the quantum precise measurement with Rydberg atoms

Rydberg atoms have super polarizability proportional to the principal quantum number n7, so A key characteristic is their pronounced sensitivity to external fields, this property enables their important application in microwave detection. While Rydberg atom-based electric field sensors are promising candidates for microwave detection owing to their wide frequency range and high sensitivity, their narrow measurement bandwidth restricts wider adoption. Here, we show that this bandwidth can be effectively extended by employing a strong magnetic field. Our theoretical study focuses on the hyperfine level splitting of Rydberg atoms under such conditions, confirming that a sufficiently strong magnetic field unlocks the potential for broadband microwave electric field measurement.