Research on surface topography of CNC machining based on non-metallic materials

Aiming at the problem of difficult surface morphology control in CNC machining of non-metallic materials, this paper takes acrylic as the research object, and systematically researches the influence of machining parameters on surface quality through single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments. The results show that the feed rate is the most critical factor affecting surface roughness, followed by spindle speed and path spacing. Under the optimised parameter combination (spindle speed 24000 RPM, feed rate 800 mm/min, path spacing 0.4 mm), the surface roughness Ra was reduced by 70.6% and Rz by 48.85% compared with the worst parameter combination. This study provides an effective parameter optimisation method and practical basis for high quality CNC machining of non-metallic materials.