Emerflux: proposal for a water surface display using a two-layer liquid

Emerflux is a shape-changing display that uses a two-layer liquid composed of black-colored oil and white-colored water. The system generates localized surface protrusions by pushing up the lower water layer, which appear as white circular pixels on black-colored oil surface. By independently controlling 25 water outlets arranged in a 5×5 grid, the system can display icons, patterns, and simple animations. In this study, we measured the response time of a single pixel, as well as its diameter changes, to evaluate the fundamental characteristics of pixel generation on a liquid interface. Through Emerflux, we propose a new information presentation method that treats the water surface itself as a display medium.