Stretching, persistence, ridge with convergence and bifurcation, strong and weak effects of orifices configuration for diesel spray with the flaws of aerodynamic model

The air resistance on head can stretch the adjacent region toward outside or to intensify radial velocity and wave in diesel spray. The spray angle remains at a very high level for a long time due to the stretching persistence effect after cavitation disappears or weakens. These can complain all other complex types of initial jet. There exist complex wide wavelengths, convergence, and bifurcation phenomena associated with the ridge, attributed to near-elliptical actual nozzles, random string cavitation and probably in-orifice liquid surface, turbulence, vibration, etc. The ridge bifurcation opening degree is inevitably correlated with the intensity of string cavitation. The sac-inclined orifices configuration exerts a strong effect on the spray during the unsteady phase, due to cloud cavitation and string cavitation under the influence of a complex flow field with large intersection angle between fluid direction and orifice axis, while it has a weak effect during the steady phase, possibly due to easier flow into the orifice and hydraulic flip. The aerodynamic model cannot capture complex wave, ridges phenomenon with convergence and bifurcation, ligaments and membranes etc. and ignores real physical phenomena and nonlinearity. Conventional model is unable to effectively consider the multiple factors of the actual high-pressure cavitating injection process with complex shot-to-shot variations and thus confirm the gas-liquid states with the effects of multiple factors.