Study on black soil change monitoring in Hulin city based on Sentinel satellite remote sensing images

Optical remote sensing data has emerged as a core data source for land use change research, owing to its advantages in macroscopic coverage and dynamic monitoring. Based on Sentinel-2 optical remote sensing images of Hulin City from 2017 to 2024, this study conducted black soil land use classification and change monitoring using the Random Forest (RF) classification algorithm, following preprocessing steps such as radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction, and cloud removal. The results show that during the study period, the wetland area decreased by 29,400 hectares, with the main conversions being to cropland (10,800 hectares) and woodland (21,100 hectares). Affected by the "Returning Farmland to Wetland" policy, the cropland area first increased and then decreased; after 2021, an average of 6,000 hectares of cropland was converted to wetlands annually. The woodland area increased by 6,100 hectares, primarily converted from bare land and wetlands. This study clarifies the driving mechanisms of climate warming and drying trends and human activities on the spatial pattern of black soil, providing scientific support for the sustainable utilization of regional resources.