A multichannel wireless system for real-time monitoring of bolt preload forces

In response to the pressing need for monitoring the status of bolted connections in mechanical equipment and overcoming the laborious and time-intensive limitations of periodic on-site inspections, this paper introduces an integrated remote wireless monitoring system for bolt preload based on ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. By measuring and transmitting ultrasonic transit time in real time and incorporating established ultrasonic measurement models, the system accurately calculates bolt preload, thereby enabling remote tracking of preload variations in bolted assemblies. Stability testing confirms the system's exceptional long-term operational stability, aligning with the design objectives for practical engineering applications. The proposed monitoring framework offers valuable technical insights for real-time bolt preload surveillance in industrial environments and carries substantial implications for predictive equipment maintenance.