Biodegradable conductive materials for green electronics: a technical perspective, and transfer printing pathway analysis

The escalating challenge of electronic waste has positioned biodegradable green electronics as a critical research focus in both academic and industrial sectors. This paper systematically reviews recent advances in biodegradable substrates, electrodes, and active layer materials, highlighting the key technical bottlenecks in integrating conductive components with biodegradable substrates. A transfer printing strategy based on biomass hot-melt adhesives is proposed, which aims to resolve the conflict between water resistance and solvent compatibility of adhesives while constructing a semiembedded conductive network. This approach enables the efficient fabrication of conductive composites with optimized environmental degradation performance. The study offers a new direction for the development of green electronic materials, with promising applications in disposable electronics and smart packaging.