Simulation optimization of key components of spinach harvesting system based on finite element method

In order to solve the problems of high cutting resistance and high clamping damage rate in the process of mechanized harvesting of spinach, this study was based on finite element simulation technology to optimize the sawtooth belt cutting knife and flexible clamping mechanism with multiple parameters. Firstly, using the explicit dynamics module of Abaqus, the cutting performance of the 15°, 30°, 45° and 60° tilt angle tools was compared, and the results showed that the soil disturbance range of the 45° tool was the smallest, and the displacement was the largest in the same time, which was 9.2%~26.5% higher than that of the tools at other angles. Secondly, the dynamic model of the flexible clamping mechanism was established by using Adams software, and the simulation results showed that when the linear velocity was 15m/min, the peak stress of spinach stalk was reduced to 0.48N/mm², and the action time was shortened by 40%, which could significantly reduce the mechanical damage. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the design of low-damage and high-efficiency harvesting equipment for spinach, and have practical significance for promoting the progress of mechanized harvesting technology of leafy vegetables.