Quantitative assessment of stability in high‑renewable power systems based on low‑carbon targets

In modern societal development, ecological challenges intensify and energy constraints tighten, driving rapid global growth in renewable energy generation. Aligning with China's 2023 target of achieving approximately 20%non-fossil energy in total consumption and its commitment to carbon neutrality by 2060, scholars have proposed high-penetration renewable integration models for power systems, imposing new demands on safe and economical operation. This study examines the low-carbon objectives set by new-era social development. Based on high-penetration renewable power system architecture design, it explores the relationship between inertia definition and frequency variation, clarifying the distinctions and interconnections between inertia response and frequency response. Using a node system incorporating wind and solar resources as a case study, it investigates the application value of optimization strategies for high-penetration renewable power systems based on minimal quantity assessment.