Study on the dust coupling mechanism of cable terminations and laser surface cleaning technology

With the continuous expansion of global power systems, cable terminations—serving as critical nodes connecting cables, power equipment, and overhead lines—are vital for grid stability. This study investigates the physico-chemical coupling mechanisms of surface contamination on cable terminations and develops an efficient, non-destructive laser cleaning technology to mitigate pollution flashover risks. A theoretical model of dust particle adsorption under electro-thermal-humidity multifield coupling was constructed, analyzing the effects of Van der Waals, capillary, and electrostatic forces on the stability of the contamination layer. Subsequently, nanosecond pulsed fiber laser experiments and simulations were conducted to evaluate the influence of laser power, scanning speed, and surface moisture on cleaning efficiency and substrate damage thresholds. Results indicate that a laser power of 90–100 W and a scanning speed of approximately 1000 mm/s effectively remove hard scales dominated by SiO2 and Al2O3 while restricting the substrate temperature rise to avoid porcelain glaze cracking or peeling. This work clarifies the microscopic laws of contamination-insulator coupling and provides a parameter optimization scheme for the maintenance of online power equipment. It holds significant theoretical and engineering value for enhancing the anti-pollution flashover capabilities and intelligent operation of modern power grids.