Evaluating the Relationship Between Body Image and Exercise in Young Adults: A Multimethod Analysis of Activity Level, Frequency, and Types of Exercise

The purpose of this multicenter study was to evaluate the relationship between body image and exercise habits in young adults (18–39 years) using a novel multimethod approach that incorporates both validated questionnaires and adjustable 3D body scanning applications. Two-hundred and eleven participants (128 F, 83 M) across two separate centers completed attitudinal body image assessments using the Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire—Appearance Scale, and perceptual body image assessments using a mobile body scanning application adapted for body image evaluations. The participants provided information about their exercise habits, including their physical activity level, exercise frequency, and exercise modalities. Higher physical activity level and exercise frequency were associated with more positive body image perceptions, particularly among males. Resistance training and high-intensity interval training were linked to greater body satisfaction, while aerobic exercise was related to body dissatisfaction. Recognizing the unique connections between exercise habits and body image may help clinicians interpret behavioral patterns more effectively while safely engaging clients in exercise plans that align with their individual preferences and motivations.