Mechanical pulling force and alternating current comodulation electrohydrodynamic printing

To achieve precise printing using high-viscosity paste on insulating substrates, we propose a mechanical pulling force and alternating current comodulation electrohydrodynamic (MAC-EHD) printing method. The technique effectively refines the liquid bridges of high-viscosity paste during deposition by leveraging the synergistic effect of mechanical pulling force and electric field force, thereby improving printing resolution. In addition, it achieves in situ neutralization of charge through an alternating electric field, enhancing the stability of the printing process. To address the challenge of controlling process parameters in MAC-EHD printing, we develop a high-precision prediction model for the MAC-EHD printing mode. This model determines the range of process parameters required for well MAC-EHD printing mode. Experimental results demonstrate that the flexible transparent conductive panels fabricated using this technology exhibit superior performance. These findings validate the advantages of MAC-EHD printing in terms of high resolution and high molding accuracy for high-viscosity paste deposition.