Scimitar-crested Spinosaurus species from the Sahara caps stepwise spinosaurid radiation

Science 2026

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Authors: Paul C. Sereno, Daniel Vidal, Nathan Myhrvold, Evan Johnson‐Ransom, María Ciudad Real, Stephanie L. Baumgart, Noelia Sánchez Fontela, Todd L. Green, Evan T. Saitta, Boubé Adamou, Lauren L. Bop, Tyler M. Keillor
+17 more Erin C. Fitzgerald, Didier B. Dutheil, Robert A. S. Laroche, Alexandre V. Demers‐Potvin, Álvaro Simarro, Francesc Gascó-Lluna, Ana Lázaro, Arturo Gamonal, Charles V. Beightol, Vincent Reneleau, Rachel Vautrin, Filippo Bertozzo, Alejandro Granados, Grace Kinney-Broderick, Jordan C. Mallon, Rafael Matos Lindoso, Jahandar Ramezani
DOI: 10.1126/science.adx5486
Cited by: 7
References: 82

Abstract

We describe a close relative of Spinosaurus aegyptiacus , the sail-backed, fish-eating giant from nearshore deposits of northern Africa. Spinosaurus mirabilis sp. nov., discovered in the central Sahara alongside long-necked dinosaurs in a riparian habitat, is distinguished by a scimitar-shaped bony crest projecting far above its skull roof. We discern three discrete phases in spinosaurid evolution. During the first phase with roots in the Jurassic, an elongate fish-snaring skull emerged that soon was modified along divergent paths. During a second Early Cretaceous phase, spinosaurids became the dominant predators in circum-Tethyan habitats. The final phase began just before the Late Cretaceous during the opening of the Atlantic Ocean, when spinosaurines attained maximum body size as shallow water ambush specialists limited geographically to northern Africa and South America.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology Geological formations and processes Ichthyology and Marine Biology

Publication details

Journal / source
Science
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Volume
391
Issue
6787
Pages
eadx5486–eadx5486
Publication date
19 February 2026
Language
EN