Helium escaping from the atmosphere of a nearby rocky exoplanet orbiting in a habitable zone

Science 2026 Open access

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Authors: Collin Cherubim, Shreyas Vissapragada, Tim Cunningham, Annabella Meech, David Charbonneau, Robin Wordsworth, Aaron Householder, Johanna Teske, Leonardo A. Dos Santos, Nicole L. Wallack, William Misener, Zifan Lin
+4 more Andrew McWilliam, Michael Zhang, Jason Dittmann, Mercedes López‐Morales
DOI: 10.1126/science.aea9708
Cited by: 4
References: 106

Abstract

Observations of highly irradiated gas giant exoplanets have shown helium escaping from their atmospheres. There is limited evidence for atmospheres on rocky exoplanets, perhaps because they have already escaped. We report near-infrared spectroscopic observations of LHS 1140b, a rocky exoplanet that orbits in the habitable zone of a nearby low-mass star. The transit spectra show absorption by helium escaping from the planet's atmosphere. Helium absorption is detected in 2024 but not in 2025, indicating time-variable atmospheric escape. We interpret these results as indicating an upper atmosphere dominated by helium and depleted in hydrogen, with other volatile species trapped at lower altitudes, which is consistent with atmospheric fractionation models. No helium absorption is detected for LHS 1140c, a smaller and more strongly irradiated exoplanet in the same system.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Stellar planetary and galactic studies Astronomy and Astrophysical Research Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies

Publication details

Journal / source
Science
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Volume
393
Issue
6815
Pages
998–1001
Publication date
16 July 2026
Language
EN