Simple Model for PDFs and nPDFs

We present the main results of our recent papers [1, 2]. In [1], we derived an analytical solution of the QCD evolution equations for parton distribution functions. The valence and non-singlet quark components satisfy the Gross–Llewellyn–Smith and Gottfried sum rules, respectively, while momentum conservation is maintained for the singlet quark and gluon densities. Several phenomenological parameters were extracted from a combined fit to precision data on the proton structure function $${{F}_{2}}(x,{{Q}^{2}})$$ collected by the BCDMS, H1, and ZEUS Collaborations, comprising a total of 933 points from 5 datasets. In [2], we proposed a model for nuclear medium modifications of parton densities. The approach is based on a global analysis of available deep inelastic scattering data for different nuclear targets within the rescaling model, incorporating Fermi motion effects. By fitting the rescaling parameters to experimental data on the ratio $$F_{2}^{A}(x,{{Q}^{2}}){\kern 1pt} /{\kern 1pt} F_{2}^{D}(x,{{Q}^{2}})$$ for several nuclear targets $$A$$ , we obtained predictions for nuclear parton distribution functions.