Anti-GM1 antibodies in Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis

BMJ Case Reports 2026

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Authors: Claire Hall, Milan Hargovan, Eleanor Taylor, Nicholas W. S. Davies
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2025-268852
Cited by: 0
References: 14

Abstract

Here, we present a case of Bickerstaff's brain stem encephalitis secondary to suspected campylobacter infection. Diagnosis was based on the classical presentation; ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, reduced consciousness and hyperreflexia, exclusion of other pathology and was supported by MRI, cerebrospinal fluid and serological testing. Despite the strong association of anti-GM1 antibodies in campylobacter infection and subsequent Guillain-Barré syndrome, this is the first reported case of brainstem encephalitis secondary to campylobacter infection demonstrating positive antiganglioside IgG GM1 serology.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis

Publication details

Journal / source
BMJ Case Reports
Volume
19
Issue
2
Pages
e268852–e268852
Publication date
1 February 2026
Language
EN