Effect of a low-carbohydrate diet on glycaemic control and disease management in type 2 diabetes: results from a prospective free-living trial

Background: Low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) improve glycaemic control (HbA1c) and weight in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Few studies have explored both the quantitative effects and qualitative experiences of individuals following LCD. Methods: Single-arm, prospective, observational study of a carbohydrate-reduced diet (CRD) on HbA1c, weight and the acceptability in people with T2D and HbA1c ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). Participants were recruited from general practitioner surgeries and enrolled in an eight-session CRD health coaching programme delivered by The Lifestyle Club, with follow-up over 6 months. Blood samples, anthropometric data and dietary adherence were measured at baseline and at 6 months. Participants were informed about the semi-structured interviews at consent and invited after visit 2. Results: Forty-eight participants were included (mean age 67±10 years; 55% male). Carbohydrate intake decreased from 226.0 g/day at baseline to 126.3 g/day at 6 months (p