Stakeholders’ perceptions and experiences towards dental research training programmes and projects in undergraduate education in Tehran, Iran: a qualitative study

OBJECTIVES: Dental research enhances students' understanding of evidence-based dentistry and improves clinical decision-making. This study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of students and staff regarding mandatory undergraduate dental research projects and identify the related challenges and facilitators. DESIGN: A qualitative study using focus group discussions and semi-structured individual interviews. Data were analysed using a framework approach and reported in accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research. SETTING: School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. PARTICIPANTS: Students and staff who were involved in undergraduate dental research projects. Seven sessions were held (three focus groups and four interviews). Participation was voluntary, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. RESULTS: Three key themes were identified: (1) attitudes towards the necessity and value of the research project; (2) barriers, including financial constraints, topic selection, mentorship issues, administrative and laboratory challenges, lack of motivation and time pressure; and (3) facilitators such as effective communication, revising course arrangements and improved financial support. Students and staff expressed differing views on the necessity, relevance and perceived benefits of the project. CONCLUSIONS: While both groups recognised the educational value of research engagement, the mandatory format, limited mentorship and resource constraints negatively affected motivation and project quality. Introducing flexible, interest-based or collaborative research formats and revising course timing may enhance engagement and learning outcomes.