Experiences of conflicting decision-making by surrogate decision-makers in neurocritical care in China: a descriptive qualitative study

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the experience of decision conflict among surrogate decision-makers for patients with critical illness undergoing neurosurgery. DESIGN: A qualitative descriptive research design was used. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling method, and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data, which were then analysed using Colaizzi's seven-step analysis method. SETTING: The study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in China. PARTICIPANTS: This study included 15 surrogate decision-makers for patients with critical illness undergoing neurosurgery as interview participants. RESULTS: In this interview study, two main themes and nine subthemes were identified：(a) core conflict in the decision-making process: conflicts between the quality of life and the length of life, conflict between patient and surrogate preferences and conflict between the expected and realistic treatment outcomes; and (b) complex causes of decisional conflict: the burden of decision-making in critical care, inadequate decision-making information, erosion of patient-physician trust, socio-cultural pressures, overwhelming financial burden and negative emotional distress. CONCLUSIONS: Surrogate decision-makers for patients with neurological critical illness often experience complex decision conflicts during the clinical decision-making process. This underscores the need for healthcare providers to identify high-risk individuals for decision conflicts early on and provide personalised decision support strategies to mitigate such conflicts and enhance decision quality.