Exploring self-care experiences, challenges and preferences among patients with heart failure in Jordan: a qualitative study

OBJECTIVE: To explore the self-care experiences, challenges and preferences of Jordanian patients with heart failure (HF) to inform culturally tailored strategies for improved disease management. DESIGN: A qualitative descriptive design, semi-structured interviews among 25 purposively sampled patients with HF. Data were analysed thematically using Braun and Clarke's six-phase framework. SETTINGS: The study was carried out in four hospitals in Jordan, covering educational, public and military health sectors. Hospitals were selected based on their cardiology services and regional location to ensure a varied sample. RESULTS: , was produced alongside four key themes: (1) Strengthening Health Literacy, (2) Enhancing Psychosocial Support through Family and Peer Engagement, (3) Navigating Sociocultural and Religious Influences and (4) Leveraging Digital Tools for Access and Engagement. Barriers to self-care included limited information, weak provider communication and cultural norms. Enablers included family involvement, religious practices and openness to digital health solutions. CONCLUSIONS: HF self-care in Jordan is shaped by a complex interplay of informational, emotional and cultural factors. Interventions should incorporate culturally tailored education, family-inclusive models and digital platforms to enhance adherence and outcomes.