Dose-dependent perinatal risks of clomiphene citrate in US IVF cycles: a national cohort study, 2004–2021

BMJ Open 2026 Open access

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Authors: Sheree L. Boulet, Yujia Zhang, Dmitry M. Kissin, Michael Davies
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-115285
Cited by: 1
References: 34

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The relationship between clomiphene citrate (CC) dosing regimens and adverse reproductive outcomes has not been fully elucidated, both with and without use of in vitro fertilisation (IVF). We aimed to study the association between cumulative CC dose and perinatal outcomes among fresh autologous IVF cycles. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: We included all fresh autologous IVF embryo transfer cycles performed in the US fertility clinics during 2004-2021 using CC for ovulation induction. We used robust Poisson regression models to estimate adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and 95% CIs for associations between four categories of CC dose (

Fields of Study & Subjects

Ovarian function and disorders Assisted Reproductive Technology and Twin Pregnancy Pregnancy and Medication Impact

Publication details

Journal / source
BMJ Open
Publisher
BMJ
Volume
16
Issue
8
Pages
e115285–e115285
Publication date
1 August 2026
Language
EN