COVID-19 workplace adaptation in Ireland: the development and validation of a quantitative survey

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a new survey instrument to evaluate employee adaptation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland, with the intention that the instrument could be adapted for use in future pandemic scenarios. Methods: The survey was developed iteratively by a multidisciplinary research team based on five previously identified key themes: (1) support received from the organisation, (2) adaptation pressure, (3) work-life balance, (4) health condition and (5) workload/working hours. From November 2021, employees from six organisations participated in a two-round pilot study (total n=589). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted using data from the first round in IBM SPSS V.27 to refine the survey items, followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in IBM AMOS V.24 using data from the second round to test the factor structure. Results: The initial survey demonstrated good internal consistency (n=63, Cronbach's α=0.963). EFA identified a five-dimension structure corresponding to the predefined themes. After the removal of 19 items, the initial model fit was suboptimal (χ²/df=2.17, p