Worse risk profile, number of grafts and hospital death but acceptable late survival in females undergoing coronary surgery: a 20-year propensity matched analysis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sex differences in perioperative characteristics, in-hospital outcomes and long-term survival following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS: Prospective data were collected for all patients undergoing isolated CABG at a single centre during 2001-2021. Baseline characteristics were adjusted between females and males using 1:1 propensity score matching (nearest-neighbour, without replacement). Kaplan-Meier analysis assessed long-term survival. A predefined sub-analysis assessed risk mitigation associated with using off-pump CABG (OPCABG) in females in the matched cohort. RESULTS: Prematching, 11 563 males and 2573 females were included. Females were older with higher prevalences of class III-IV angina, hypertension and diabetes. After matching, 2573 patients per group were analysed, with standardised mean differences