PP-10 What is needed in clinical practice to offer virtual reality as a pain management option for people living with advanced cancer?

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Authors: Nicola White, Sarah J. Yardley, Matthew Seal, Sarah Combes, Katie Flanagan, Lorna Leaston, Amarachukuwu Nwosu, Victoria Vickerstaff, Mark Taubert, Ollie Minton
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Abstract

Introduction Virtual reality (VR) has rapidly advanced over the last twenty years. Its role in pain management has been explored, but there are no guidelines about how to implement this as part of routine practice. Aim To develop guidelines that describe the inputs, processes, and outputs required to implement VR as a pain management option for people living with advanced cancer. Methods The study had three phases across 2 hospices and 2 hospitals in England and Wales: Interviews with people who are living with advanced cancer and experience pain (scoring over 0 when asked about their pain score). (n=37) Focus groups with staff at each site. The Results from the first phase were presented and the theory of change was developed and refined following each meeting. (n=37) 3. User-testing (at two sites) for up to 8 weeks to further refine the theory and develop the guidance manual. (recruitment ending November 2025) A thematic framework analysis of phase 1 and 2 led to the development of the theory of change model, depicting the components required to move successfully from inputs to impact. Results The theory of change describes the inputs (planning [training, technology], set up [e.g. identification of people who might benefit from using VR], evaluation of use [for further refining]) and processes required (personalisation, to reach the output (the use of VR). The noted outcomes were the physical and psychological improvements of using the headset, along with some potential risks. Conclusion We have developed a theory of change model and guidance that could help sites that are interested in offering VR as a pain management option. Impact The offering of VR could help to provide a more holistic approach to pain management for those living with advanced cancer.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Pain Management and Opioid Use Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts Pediatric Pain Management Techniques

Publication details

Journal / source
BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care
Pages
A10.1–A10
Publication date
22 February 2026
Language
EN