Mean-Field Limit of Nonexchangeable Interacting Diffusions with Singular Kernels

Abstract. The mean-field limit of interacting diffusions without exchangeability, caused by weighted interactions and non-i.i.d. initial values, are investigated. The weights could be signed and unbounded. The result applies to a large class of singular kernels including the Biot–Savart law. We demonstrate a flexible type of mean-field convergence, in contrast to the typical convergence of [Formula: see text]. More specifically, the sequence of signed empirical measure processes with arbitrary uniform [Formula: see text]-weights, [Formula: see text], weakly converges to a coupled PDE’s, such as the dynamics describing the passive scalar advected by the 2D Navier–Stokes equation. Our method is based on a tightness/compactness argument and makes use of the systems’ uniform Fisher information. The main difficulty is to determine how to propagate the regularity properties of the limits of empirical measures in the absence of the DeFinetti–Hewitt–Savage theorem for the nonexchangeable case. To this end, a sequence of random measures, which merges weakly with a sequence of weighted empirical measures and has uniform Sobolev regularity, is constructed through the disintegration of the joint laws of particles.